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The fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patr: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicity
Hai Jiang1, Xue-jiao Wang1, Liu Yang1, Jia-Xu Zhang1, A-Jiao Hou1, Wen-Jing Man1, Song Wang1, Bing-You Yang1, Kelvin Chan2, Qiu-Hong Wang3, Hai-Xue Kuang1
1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, PR China
2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 528458, PR China
3 Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 528458, PR China
Correspondence Address:
Prof. Hai-Xue Kuang
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040
PR China
Prof. Qiu-Hong Wang
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, PR China.School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 528458
PR China
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_49_20
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In recent years, drug development and research have gradually shifted from chemical synthesis to biopharmaceutical and natural drugs. Natural medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine, have been among the first studied because of their long medicinal history, simplicity, and the relatively low cost of research. Among them, Xanthii Fructus (XF) is famous for the treatment of sinusitis. In this article, the achievements of research on XF from 1953 to 2020 are systematically reviewed, focusing on the aspects of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, toxicity and side effects, and processing methods. To date, there have been significant advances in both the phytochemistry and pharmacology of XF. Some traditional uses have been validated and clarified in modern pharmacological studies. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of allergic diseases has not been satisfactorily explained. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to rationally develop new drugs and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of XF. A comprehensive evaluation of XF and an understanding of network pharmacology are also needed.
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